One of the main areas where standardisation is beneficial is the joints (or connections as they are traditionally termed in the UK). Again, a key is to avoid mixing steel grades for components that look otherwise identical as this facilitates quality assurance. However, for the fittings ( plates used for connections etc.), many steelwork contractors prefer grade S275 steel. Rolled sections should only be specified in grade S355 steel (or higher grade) steel to ensure availability as well as performance benefits. This desire for standardisation goes right down to the steel grade and bolt grades and sizes. Although the use of standard member sizes is less important than it used to be, given modern ways of modelling and fabrication, there may still be benefit in reducing the number of different member sizes used on a project. Exotic solutions should only be used for exotic applications that justify the use of non-standard and unfamiliar solutions because of the other attributes they bring.īeam to beam connections - Typical partial depth end plate connection between beamsĬlosely related to familiarity is standardisation. Complexity and lack of familiarity are more likely to result in misunderstandings or mistakes, and may cost more. When choosing between these steel solutions, a basic principle for the designer should always be to keep it simple, and use solutions that are familiar not only to him/her as the designer, but will also be familiar to the fabricator and erector. Because of the different ways that steel beams can be configured, steel structures can be used to create flooring solutions that are competitive for spans ranging from 6 m to over 20 m. It can be used for single storey buildings, for which its efficiency has helped it reach over 95% market share, and it can be used for high rise buildings, for which its high strength to weight ratio makes it the only practical choice. The designer should also avoid over-specification, a trivial example being that corrosion protection is not needed when steel components are used in many internal environments. Keeping fabrication and construction in mind from the start will lead to the best possible solution. Some basic choices may have a significant impact on the ease, time and cost of both the fabrication and construction of a steel framed multi-storey building. It is therefore important that the designer follows a logical sequence, as going back and revisiting earlier design decisions, once other parties involved have moved on to designing other parts of the building or manufacturing components, can be disproportionately expensive. An implication of this, however, is that the design must be substantially complete before steelwork fabrication can begin. A characteristic of steel framed construction is that the constituent parts of the structure are manufactured off-site, with all the quality and speed-on-site benefits that are associated with such a form of construction. Many of these stages include aspects of engineering design. Information for construction - Drawings, specifications.Detailed design - Of the various components and elements.Scheme design - Looking at and developing options.Assembling the data and developing the brief - Understanding the site and context.Project formulation - What it’s for, why is it being proposed, where is it, etc.The stages of a construction project are presented in ISE publication ‘Structural design – the engineer’s role’ which may be broadly summarised as follows: 3.1 Step 1: Initial design considerations.
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